Film Theory and Criticism Essay

Maya Deren is known as one of those in Hollywood who spoke to everything that was not Hollywood. A film scholar and movie producer, in addition to other things, Maya Deren was conceived as Eleanora Derenkowsky in Kiev, Ukraine. She was naturally introduced to the film making industry, named after an Italian on-screen character. Subsequent to moving to Syracuse, New York, it was here where she started her enthusiasm for the communist development. It was likewise this move which affected a lot of her life and her heading in films. Maya Deren started her conventional training at Syracuse University where she was a functioning individual from the Trotskyist Young People’s Socialist League. She in the end proceeded to work with Katherine Dunham where she got her opportunity to work in Hollywood. Utilizing the legacy she got from her dad, Maya Deren bought a second hand 16mm Bolex camera with which she made what is maybe considered as one of best movies, Meshes of the Afternoon. This was perceived as one of the primary fundamental American vanguard films during the time. It was initially a quiet film that highlighted no discourse, notwithstanding, in 1957 a soundtrack was included by Teiji Ito. By 1943, she changed her name to Maya Deren. This was a direct result of her convictions around then and mirrored her political belief systems also. At this point, she had just extended her group of friends inside Hollywood to incorporate such others like Andre Breton, Marcel Duchamp, John Cage and Anais Nin. After a year, she began her subsequent film, At Land, and different movies, for example, A Study in Choreography for the Camera in 1945 and Ritual in Transfigured Time, which was made in 1946, which investigated the dread of dismissal and the opportunity of articulation in surrendering custom. Her endeavors didn't go unrecognized as in 1946 she was granted with the Guggenheim Fellowship for â€Å"Creative Work in the Field of Motion Pictures. † While not the best of her honors, she was likewise given the Grand Prix Internationale for her trial film Meshes of the Afternoon at the Cannes Film Festival. Her other incredible works remember Meditation for Violence, which was made in 1948. This film depicted the qualification among savagery and excellence and is acted in by Chao Li Chi. Beside her profession in the film business, Deren additionally dispersed her movies and gave special visits everywhere throughout the world. During her vocation, she not just highlighted screenings in the United States, Canada and Cuba yet she likewise addressed widely in movie form hypothesis and vodoun. This, in any case, didn't prevent her from working up her movie profession and she proceeded to compose, immediate and even star in the vast majority of her movies. This was showed during her time making â€Å"New American Cinema† which gave recognition to the trial underground film of the United States. The heritage that Maya Deren left was something beyond through the works that she made for the cinema. In 1986, the American Film Institute regarded her accomplishments by making the Maya Deren Award for autonomous film making. There have likewise been various records of tribute being paid to her accomplishments, for example, the visit by the Horse and Bamboo Theater of the United Kingdom which made the Dance of White Darkness which is the tale of Deren’s visits to Haiti. The latest motion pictures made in her respect incorporate the film by Martina Kudlacek entitled In the Mirror of Maya Deren which highlighted the music of John Zorn. There was additionally a commemoration that was composed by Robert Stone to commend the accomplishments that Maya Deren had on the music business as well as to expressions of the human experience. While the impact of Maya Deren will unquestionably be recollected in her works, there is no other clear demonstration of her effect on the business as is appeared by the tribute that she is ceaselessly allowed right up 'til the present time. Catalog: Deren, M(Orig. distributed 1963) Cinema: The Creative Use of Actuality in Mast, G and Cohen. M eds. (1985) Film Theory and Criticism: Introductory Readings Oxford University Press, Oxford. Supplicate, M(2007) Avant-Garde Film: Forms, Themes and Passions Wallflower, London. Sitney, A(1979) Visionary Film: The American Avant-Garde 1943-78 second Edition, Oxford University Press, Oxford

Google and its Evil Face Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Google and its Evil Face - Essay Example The world announces the web crawler as a dig for data, however neglects to take a gander at the drawback to it since in actuality Google is a debasement of the world comparable to data, protection and security. Google expresses its strategic the association of the world’s data with the goal that it very well may be reached by anybody on the planet. Be that as it may, in any event, when it gives a lot of data to the peruser, this internet searcher is the most exceedingly terrible thing to have happened to our general public comparable to exacerbating of peoples’ understanding propensities, where there is no all the more perusing in books. This is influencing perception of substance procured from understanding books and read from Google indexed lists. Google is an extraordinary instrument to get any type of data; in any case, it is making negative inclinations in our general public. This is concerning Google clients getting indiscreet on the data they scan for and the sec urity worries on protection (Staff and Agencies). Consequently, scanning for data on Google ought to include distribution of enough time so as to look for sufficient data and assets, while placing into thought protection and security concerns. Actually, what society gets by utilizing Google is amount data, and not quality, which is the thing that individuals intuitively need. Thusly, general society gets into a safe place, which it doesn't expect to leave because of the simplicity of activity for people in that level. For example, on a five-year research program the British Library and one by a U.K. instructive consortium, they discovered that individuals get fixated on searching for data once they sign on (Carr). In such cases, the clients scan for articles and diaries that they don't really peruse or expect to peruse, yet rather continue looking. After this, the center lies in skimming through the articles without setting aside the effort to comprehend the idea. Therefore, individ uals don't go to libraries to discover data in books or from the periodicals rooms. Accordingly, Google is influencing the general public through giving them amount and by that, individuals quit perusing books on the grounds that; with just composing in Google search what they need, it would be a moment when they find the solutions and all the important data mentioned. Google as some other informal community needs to control what the clients do. In this way, they would not proceed to join other web crawlers, which give email and the area where they are. Google is controlling the clients by purchasing new markets and extending in new territories, they get new highlights, a quicker hunt and there is nobody that can contend with this web crawler (Rooketix Ltd). Likewise, bringing of Chrome for Android into the market has uncovered how Google is capability of recalling all our perusing history and their ability to move it into the cloud (Moreni). In this manner, in the event that anybod y is signed into a Google account, it is expressed in the Google protection strategy that any help utilized will have the option to follow all around by utilizing the email address and your present area. Besides, they can follow all that you scan for, and as long as you search for that equivalent subject over and over, notices will begin to show up on the sides as per the most ebb and flow points each client look (Davies). Google dependent on its statement of purpose has gone similarly as endeavoring to gather as much data as possible. This is according to making a type of online stockpiling the archives and different documents that individuals have. Following the statement of purpose of Google, it tries to make a database of all the information that exists on the planet and spot it in a focal spot for all to get to for nothing out of pocket. Considering this, Google has concocted Google Drive, which sets aside to five gigabytes of client records;

Analysis Paper: Zinsser’s Book on Writing Essay

In what capacity can I, as an author, balance composing for myself and for my perusers without yielding the other? That is the issue I was hit with while perusing Zinsser’s book On Writing Well, and one he presents.In his book, authors are urged to embrace a style that is fitting of themselves, yet catch and keep up the consideration of perusers. Imagine a scenario where my style doesn't catch perusers. Imagine a scenario in which what catches the consideration of perusers doesn't do likewise for me as I compose. Am I stuck wrestling between this conundrum of vulnerability or is there an exit plan? Note to self: NOT composing isn't a choice. Fortunately, Zinsser, who is an essayist, supervisor and instructor, offers arrangements in parts four, five, and nine that I discovered extremely accommodating and will fill in as a guide in future composing assignments. He exhorts that I dispense with any superfluous words and keep my language straightforward. This won’t detract from my style, yet upgrade it by evacuating the â€Å"excess or dimness [that] has crawled into [my] style† and impedes the message I am attempting to pass on to perusers. Style is something that each essayist has and makes him/her similarly remarkable. Along these lines, the initial phase in catching my crowd while composing for myself is to unwind and act naturally. Zinsser expresses: The peruser will see on the off chance that you are acting better than everyone else. Perusers need the individual who is conversing with them to sound authentic. Along these lines a basic guideline is: act naturally (19). Prior to composing, I ought to calm my self of any strain to write such that feels unnatural, produce an amazing paper that will shake everyone’s socks off, or meet a specific page length. Simply plunk down, put stock in my own personality and sentiments, and compose! Beside acting naturally, the subsequent advance is to decide the crowd of my paper. A writers’ crowd will most importantly be him/herself. Zinsser keeps on repeating this purpose of genuineness by saying, â€Å"Don’t attempt to imagine the incredible mass crowd. There is no such crowd †each peruser is an alternate person†¦You are composing fundamentally to satisfy yourself, and in the event that you go about it with happiness you will likewise engage the perusers who merit composing for (24).† In many cases, I disregard myself when writing with an end goal to finish the task and give the instructor what I think he/she might be anticipating from somebody at my instructive level. Those assignments have been the ones I least appreciated composition as well as have been told was feeling the loss of my voice. By writing thusly, I have been playing out a gigantic damage to my crowd by not giving them what they need: me. I am sorry! Alongside communicating my character, I ought not disregard my art. There is no reason, as Zinsser states, for messy workmanship. I should regard my crowd enough to give close consideration to specialized subtleties and guarantee that their perusing procedure is one of clearness then masterfulness. Third and last, I should begin and end the entirety of my composing assignments with â€Å"freshness, or oddity, or mystery, or silliness, or shock, or with a bizarre thought, or a fascinating truth, or a question† that will catch my perusers (55). Zinsser says that the most significant sentence in any article is the first. In the event that the peruser has not been pulled in to my subject through that sentence then there are no odds the peruser will need to peruse further. Alongside inventively starting and closure my composing task, the data I present must give the peruser a feeling of direction while perusing. Perusers need to know why I have picked my point, why they should understand it, and be given enough data that leaves them feeling very much educated. As I keep on sharpening my composing abilities and further create them in different understudies, I need to convey Zinsser’s focal message of validness with me. Composing at its best is one of a kind, enlightening, and â€Å"an close exchange between two individuals, led on paper, and it will work out positively to the degree that it holds its humanity† (20). I need to encourage my understudies to always remember the most fundamental piece in their compositions: themselves. On the off chance that that is overlooked, at that point the â€Å"intimate transaction† that is required among them and their crowd will be inaccessible and insufficient.

Alienation in All Quiet on the Western Front :: All Quiet on the Western Front Essays

Distance in All Quiet on the Western Front   â â â â â â According to the Webster's New World College Dictionary, distance is 1. Division, revultion, aberration.â 2.â Estrangement or detachment.â 3.  Mental disturbance; madness.   â â â â â â The topic of All Quiet on the Western Front is about how World War I obliterated an age of youngsters. It has taken from them the remainder of their youth years, it has decimated their confidence in their older folks, it has shown them an individual life is good for nothing - and all it has yielded return is the capacity to acknowledge fundamental physical delights. As per Paul, however, the men haven't totally lost human affectability: they're most certainly not as insensitive as they showed up in Chapter 1, wolfing down their dead allies' proportions. It's simply that they should claim to overlook the dead; else they would go frantic.   â â â â â â Remarque incorporates conversations among Paul's gathering, and Paul's own considerations while he watches Russian detainees of war (Chapters 3, 8, 9) to show that no conventional individuals profit by a war. Regardless of what side a man is on, he is murdering other men simply such as himself, individuals with whom he may indeed, even be companions at some other point.   â â â â â â But Remarque doesn't simply reveal to us war is unpleasant. He likewise shows us that war is horrendous past anything we could envision. Every one of our faculties are attacked: we see recently dead warriors and long-dead bodies hurled up together in a burial ground (Chapter 4); we hear the absurd shouting of the injured ponies (Chapter 4); we see and smell three layers of bodies, expanding and burping gases, dumped into a colossal shell opening (Chapter 6); what's more, we can nearly contact the exposed bodies hanging in trees and the appendages lying around the combat zone (Chapter 9).   â â â â â â The crying of the ponies is particularly horrible. Ponies have nothing to do with making war. Their bodies sparkle perfectly as they march along- - until the shells strike them. To Paul, their withering cries speak to all of nature blaming Man, the incredible destroyer.   â â â â â â In later parts Paul no longer notices nature as an informer yet implies that nature is just there- - moving consistently on through the seasons, giving no consideration to the urgent brutalities of men to each other. This, as well, shows the ghastliness of war, that it is totally unnatural

Energy Management Case Study Siemens Free Essays

In June 2009, Siemens required its exertion in sun oriented and wind to the following level by driving the Deserted activity. This cross-country venture intends to create sun based force in North Africa, where it is generally bounteous, and afterward transport it to Europe. The venture fits especially well with Siemens since it requires not just involvement with the essential breeze and sunlight based innovation yet in addition in the integral advancements, for example, power frameworks and switchboard. We will compose a custom article test on Vitality Management Case Study: Siemens or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now Which have generally been solid business field for the organization. Atomic vitality: 1. Atomic reactors are the most grounded power plants conceivable and the most financially achievable 2. As of late Siemens has taking up its atomic exercises over again and is using to get engaged with worldwide understandings. With Siemens turning into a potential new accomplice in the Russian market that holds dozen of new parts and china that have plans to have 100 new reactors in activity or under development by 2020 Hydrophone: 1. Tackling the intensity of sea waves has pulled in noteworthy consideration since sea spread 71% of the earth surface. 2. US division of vitality set up the hydrophone program, intended to lead RD that will improve the specialized, cultural and natural advantages of hydrophone and give cost serious advances. Geothermal force: 1. This innovation has a significant favorable position that it tends to be introduced any place vitality is really required. Geothermal plants require insignificant new water and outside fuel students, and because of their format are exceptionally adaptable. Brilliant networks: 2. Shrewd matrix innovation is by all accounts a characteristic open door for Siemens, in view of the company’s long history with electronic innovation and items. Wolfgang Then accepts that the market for keen networks will increment because of environmental change and financial improvement programs. 4) Threats: 1) Carbon-based fuel add up to 39% of Siemens benefits, confronting the truth that petroleum derivative are limited, supplies will in the end run out, it Just a matter of when. The risk is that Siemens emergency course of action in sustainable power source comprise of 11% of its benefit. ) Alternative vitality: Most elective vitality creation strategies have one significant downside: they can produce vitality just in places were natures give the necessary vitality input. Wind vitality The size of the breeze turbine isn't adaptable because of innovative limitations. To expand limit, numerous breeze turbines there for must be spread out over huge good ways from each other. Thickly populated urban regions don't have satisfactory space to house wind parks, and provincial regions have communicated inconvenience with the examples and agribusiness productivities. Wind turbines have restricted proficiency. Wind turbines require enormous and exceptionally particular get together offices. The first since forever coast turbines fundamental concerns are the sturdiness and support of the gear against forceful ecological condition adrift. Siemens is thinking about to use its size, possibility, competency, and bleeding edge innovation to additionally build its piece of the pie and worldwide impression in wind vitality. The inquiry is whether wind vitality will end up being the main elective innovation, and on the off chance that it does, regardless of whether wind advances alone can produce enough benefit to keep Siemens up high. Sun powered vitality Like breeze vitality sun oriented force most be separated were it happens normally. Sunlight based boards have a low proficiency. Arriving at just about 25% under ideal research center conditions. Sunlight based boards due too China has become the pioneer producer of minimal effort Combination of modest work and accessible modern framework; it drove costs Down by nearly The strategy for discarding atomic waste in old surrenders and salt brain isn't 100% safe, what's more there has been reports of expanded leukemia rates in territories near atomic reactors, changes in the micrometer because of the huge measure of steam discharged into the air. Hydrophone: For the innovation to work, the beach should be level with just a slight incline, and requires significant lots of littoral waters. Additionally tide turbines are limited to uninhabited sea shores, since moving parts under the water surface, can make dangers for swimmers, water sports, and beach front boats. A few disadvantages to wave power incorporate the effectiveness of ebb and flow application vital obstruction against threatening condition (tempests and salt water consumption), cost of power, conceivable effect on marine life, and perils to delivery. ) Candidates, for example, geothermal vitality and hydra power, also cutting edge atomic reactor have developed quickly as of late and appear to be ready to represent a genuine risk to wind and sun powered applications, Siemens most depended upon elective vitality source. 4) Siemens is thinking about different alternatives as its portal from the issue and needs to put down some noteworthy wagers. In the event that Sieme ns wagers seriously, the organization dangers being consigned to the sidelines as more up to date, more trend-setter firms press more slow moving occupants out of the market. Sick) PEST Analysts: 1) Political/Regulatory/Legal: l. Government official from the US and Germany 2 of the greatest industrialized nations on the planet are supporting the advancement of elective vitality. II. A gathering of 20 Coos proposals to 68 pioneers in their 2008 atmosphere approach: A change in perspective to low mechanical development, this will open the entryway for new vitality organizations to enter the market Ill. Joined with a developing worldwide consciousness of the effect of green-house gases on environmental change just as expanded concerns in regards to vitality security. Vitality issues are currently getting reestablished enthusiasm from government and partnership the same. IV. President Obama visited the breeze turbine cutting edge plant in Fort Medicine, Iowa to show his help accepting bringing in political acknowledgment. V. Creating modern call wind turbines requires enormous and exceptionally particular gathering offices. The section level hindrances are high. VI. The exertion of Siemens inquire about in atomic vitality were required to be postponed in the backtalk when the German government passed a law that would bit by bit pull back the nation from atomic force age. Anyway Germany is reexamining this choice. The German parliamentary political decision 2009 brought forth new expectations that the German atomic industry may be revalidated. VI’. Russia, China and the US are in the market delivering and permitting numerous new atomic reactor (12, 100, 35 individually) . VIII. Siemens was as of late tormented by a pay off outrage and in light of the fact that the US and the EX. Have lows that make such business practice unlawful, Siemens was condemned to 1. 6 billion in finds by the German and the US specialists. Anyway pay off is typical in nations, for example, Nigeria, Russia and China. ) Economic: l. The costs of oil have been drifting upward in late decades. Unrefined petroleum costs spiked at a bygone era high of $145. 15 for every barrel on July 3 2008(up from $50 just multi month sooner). II. Sunlight based boards have arrived at a creation cost of under $1 per k yield. Sick. US are Jumping the fleeting trend incompletely in light of t he fact that they accept that a large number of new green Jobs may assist with decreasing high joblessness. ‘V. Chinese organizations are entering firmly to the breeze vitality and sun oriented market because of a mix of modest work and accessible modern framework. China drove costs of sun powered boards somewhere near practically half from 2008 to 2009. V. The Obama organization set a side financing to construct shrewd network advancements as a major aspect of its ongoing monetary upgrade plan. 3) Social/Cultural: l. Social familiarity with the effect of green-house gases on environmental change just as expanded concerns in regards to vitality security. II. Consuming of non-renewable energy source discharges carbon dioxide(CO into the air, which has connected to a worldwide temperature alteration. What's more numerous urban communities have gotten sullied by smoke and individuals are enduring medical issues brought about by expanded contamination. Sick. US government accepts that putting resources into elective vitality will make a huge number of new green Jobs. IV. Country zones have communicated disturbance of the sound made by wind turbines just as their impedance with natural life transient examples and agrarian profitability. V. Atomic force has genuine constraints issues incorporate atomic mishaps like Coherently and Fuchsia and how to store atomic items which can be destructive to any living life form. L. New options vitality advances are Wing to supplant carbon-based petroleum products. II. Better materials have empowered particular organizations to fabricate ever-bigger breeze turbines and new improved sun powered boards however expanding proficiency and diminishing expense. (model: the 3. 6 mm wind turbine, first-consistently gliding breeze turbine, cost effective Chinese sun based board, turnkey innovative sun powered plants). Sick. R in different organizations has prodded colossal endeavors to discover ideal ways to catch as well as to store and circulate vitality produced from normal assets. IV. US branch of vitality as of late reported 40 million dollar in establishing to help structure and arranging work for the Next Generation Nuclear Plant (NSP). V. Saddling the intensity of the sea waves has pulled in huge consideration since seas spread 71% of the earth surface. Moreover the US division of vitality built up the hydrophone program intended to convey R that will improve the specialized, cultural and ecological advantages of hydrophone and give cost serious advancements. VI. The new brilliant matrix innovation incorporate self-observing ND conceivably self-fixing abilities, savvy sensors and meters, and a correspondence organize like the web. V) Competitive Analysis: 1) New Market Entrants: l. A change in outlook to low carbon economy by 2050 can possibly drive forward the following section of mechanical development, this will open the entryway for new vitality organizations to enter the market. II. Since the market of wind

BloomReach

BloomReach INTRODUCTIONMartin: Hi. Today we are in  Mountain View  with BloomReach. Ashu, who are you and what do you do?Ashutosh: Im the CTO and co-founder of BloomReach.Martin: When did you start this company and what was the reason for starting it?Ashutosh: So we started BloomReach in late 2008 early 2009. The vision of the company was to actually make the web a lot more relevant and personalized to the people. So like, over the last 10 to 15 years, the amount content of the web has grown by leaps and bounds. The amount of content that is available is huge.And while Google and Facebook after all are trying to make it easy for people to navigate some of that web, what happens is once you leave these portals and land on an international website, whether its Walmart.com or eBay, or Amazon, or even New York Times, finding the content on these websites are huge challenge. The amount of content that exist in any of these websites is more than the entire web, what the entire web was in 1998. So na vigating to that piece of content is really-really hard. What we want to do is to make it very easy for people to find and discover what they are looking for. So we started the company with that vision in mind.Martin: So, Google would be the entry point, and then once people are on the websites automaticallyAshutosh: It could be anything. Today if you look at any,  to build a website, right. very small portion of the people, like 5 10% come directly, and the rest of the people will come either through a social network, through an email, through an affiliate campaign, through Google, through page search campaign, or any other channel.So, people are going to land from where ever, whatever channel they picked. So its not that much about, like what channel they are picking, right. But they are coming from outside, they may land on any individual page of the website and not necessarily the homepage. So, what can you do, what can you do, all you know about that person, from where theyre coming, how they are coming, why theyre coming, and from their past behavior, and you use all that information to see what on your website is the most relevant piece of content for that user at that time and the name of that whole thing.Martin: Understood. So what enabled yourself to start this company based on your professional background?Ashutosh: So what does it take to make this thing happen?One is, like, being at Google, like, they found out how people are navigating the web, what are the challenges that they are running into, what are the struggles they have, right. So that was one big area of pain thing for me.The second is, working at a company like Google, I had access to lots of data, allowed to their systems, so became an expert in that system.And third is, my PhD was in Machine Learning and Data Mining.So, at some level all these things came together, where I could process a large amount of data, to make sense of that data and then present it to the people.Martin: Okay. Great!BUSINESS MODEL OF BLOOMREACHMartin: Lets talk about the business model of BloomReach. As you said, the users come through different channels to the website and then what happens next?Ashutosh: So if you take any website, right, what you want to do is you want to bring people in, you want to keep the people in over there and you want them to come again. So, bring the people in, that is marketing, right.So one focus is, how can you make your marketing a lot more effective bringing more people in.The second, so what have done is, we work at the website to understand how they organize their content. Is their content getting crawled easily or not, is this content in the same language as how people are looking for that content. So for example, the way people will describe a product in Europe is different from the way the will describe it in the  US.But, now if youre reading the content for European audience but launching it in the  US, that wont work or vice versa, right. So you nee d to make sure that language is the same with how people are describing it. So we do a number of things to analyze content to make sure that it is really accessible by various, like either to social networks or search engines or anyone. So that is one focus on the marketing side.And the second thing is, that once you are on the website, the way you navigate the website, you use the navigation search for the website, you go look at it, you go to search pages over there. So we provide a SNAP solution which is Search Navigation and Personalization.And actually, our third product now which is on analytics. What it does is, it helps analyze all the content of a website and the user behavior and it will see whats working and whats not working and what you can do to improve it.So the business model for different products is different. It is the combination of the usage and the performance, like how much customers are using it and what theyre getting out of it.Martin: I totally understood t hat you have this kind of recommendation engine that youre trying to sell and then the analytical part.  Regarding the recommendation, is it that you have some kind of snippets that you just enter or you totally rearrange the whole website and categories, etc.?Ashutosh: It can be both. So depending upon the authentification and what our customers want and will they see the maximum value, it could be a small widget on their website or could be an entire landing page or a combination of both.Martin: And how did you find the first customer?Ashutosh: The initial first few customers are always these early adapters, and either through family and friends. So working with our investors, their relationships, through our personal relationships we found some customers. One of the questions that their value proposition has to be strong enough that even though they understand that a startup is a risky value proposition, but by working with a startup their value is going to be so large if it work s, then Im willing to give it a try.Martin: Can you tell us a little bit more on how the technology behind this works, especially  in terms of the recommendation? So what type of data sets are you taking into account?Ashutosh: Yes, absolutely. As I said, right. Theres a lot of data. So for the data, we look at 3 key sources of a data.One is, any customers that youre working with, we Google and crawl and mine all the data that exist on their website.Second, that is crucial about the data is that broader web. Just to give you a context of why that matters is, if you look at any product as an example, you call a product a certain thing because everyone else calls it that. But any name is meaningless. It is the context of the rest of the web that name become meaningful.  So by crawling the web, were able to understand and associate what each word means or each entity means. And then were able to relate the content of the website.And the third thing that we look at is the users behavior. That ultimately if you’re trying to satisfy the users, you really need to see whether they like certain things or they’re not liking it.And by bringing these 3 things together, the content of a website, understanding of that, understanding of the users behavior, understanding of the product, and then picking the right machine learning algorythms to learn on top of it and collaborative conditions, search and that allows the data processing.Martin: Regarding the analytics product that you are selling, what type of actionable advice can you give your customers based on these insights?Ashutosh: So if you take any website, I mean you guys have one for yourselves.One thing you decide is what to write.The second, once youve written it, have you written it correctly or not. Are you missing things or not, right.Once youve done that, then how you are organizing the content on the website? Are you getting the right users behavior from that or not, right. Are there gaps in the content that youve written?So, we actually give advice on all these things. What to write, how to write it, who to go after, how to lay out everything, so it really fits.What is the purpose of a website or any of these things is connecting the right user to the right piece of content. Its not about, shall I go with email or shall I go with SEO, shall I go with SEM, shall I do page search, shall I build the website, do I do that traffic, no. Our business, in your case, it is a set of articles, for a retailer a set of products, any of those things, right. First is you need to sort out your entry, so we can tell you what is performing, what is not performing, how you should go  sorting  it.Second is, we see youre writing an article. First I tell you, you should write on security, then within security what people are concerned about, how you should be describing that, then how should you be laying it out, to what audience you should be reaching out to, should you be reaching out to the people in a certain age group, certain demographics, or certain psychographics,  what will work, what works? And once youve done all that, what work, what tends to, and help you to predict whats going to happen tomorrow. So we do all of it.Martin: Can you tell us how the revenue model works?Ashutosh: For this product?Martin: For analytics and for the recommendation.Ashutosh: On analytics, it is a function of the amount of the content that people are searching and the amount of the users that we are processing. So, if a website has a large amount of content and a large amount of user base which are a lot more than, because the amount of processing that we have to do and analyze and storage and everything, is a function of that system.Around the recommendation and personalization, on that its a function of the usage, like how much are users getting, are they putting a lot of, are they putting on a few pages. Based on that I mean, it costs us percent to work there. And theres an element of how muc h value they are taking out of it as well.CORPORATE STRATEGYMartin: Lets talk about corporate strategies. What competitive advantage do you perceive of BloomReach over other companies?Ashutosh: So, I think I will expand that slightly more and I say that, as a startup, what is a competitive advantage and how do you build that over them. And theres number of things that you can do. One is when youre starting on day one, it is clearly technology and product. Your product that no one else has, so that is your competitive advantage. All your piece of technology that no one else has.So BloomReach, what we have done is a kind of tools with algorithms that are very-very unique. There are very-very few companies with a handful of people in the world who can do this kind of things. So that is one advantage that we have, that no one else has.The second thing is that, over time the amount of data that we have collected is unique to us. So the customer that we are working with, we have collected their data for the last one year or last 2 years, right. So we know a lot about whats going on. Our starting point is much better than anyone else. The network effect now that we are working with so many retailers as an example, our performance with the next retailer is so much better than it was with the first retailer, the first time. So big data advantage, network effect advantage.And third is, we have a large customer base that gives us the responsibility so that becomes a huge advantage. So you just have a huge footprint and now you can upsell more profitable thing to your customer base.MARKET DEVELOPMENTMartin: In terms of market development, one part of your business is related to SEO and SEM. Can you tell us a little bit more, what implications that your business model have on the total market of SEO and SEM because there are so many SEO agencies out there consulting websites how they should optimize the website and youre doing this somehow automized?Ashutosh: So what peopl e are doing is manually looking at small pieces of content and seeing what can be done over there. Now in that case, most of the time, because like how we can get around and get more traffic. As against as looking at like, why something needs to be done for SEO as an example. So if you have a website, but if you build it in a way that it can not be crawled, I mean that is a fundamental limitation of the way the content is consumed by different web search. So it is not really about SEO, its more around like the basic structure of the website. A simple way, say you have 5 pages, say you have 10 pages on your website. I can come with a link structure, and it will take 9  jumps  to get to the last page. Or if you have a website of a million pages, I can build a link structure with just empty links on our page so that we can get from any page to any page within like 5  jumps.Now, in a crawler based world, you need to make sure that the content is organized properly. Actually fundamental thing that has happened over the last 15 years is, if you go with any standard text book on marketing, it would be about how do you differentiate yourself, how do you stand out in the crowd. Make sense. But in a search based world, you need to me more part of the crowd than the stand out of the crowd. You can define everything that youre doing in a way that is different from how everyone else is calling. But guess what, people are searching based on how everyone else is calling and not how you are calling it. So you want to show up over there. So you need to be as similar to the crowd as possible as against as different from the crowd.So thats the opposite how marketing was in the past. So we are trying to solve those basic problems, which require a lot more data analysis and everything. So its neither competing with the agencies, so I mean, they have their place and they are doing a lot and they are helping. So if you are like, Okay this is the 5 categories that Im worried about, s hare it with the agencies, but if its more around like I want a website and make sure that is working well right over a million pages, no one can do it manually. That is where you need tools. And we have, thats where BloomReach come into place.Martin: Understood. So in terms of market development, you work at Google, what happens if Google enters a similar market like you do, because in addition to your data set, they have all the SEO or search engine data?  Is this some kind of viable threat that you are feeling or not?Ashutosh: I mean, Google has like 20 thousand engineers, sure they can do everything. And so, it is the case with any other company. But the customers that we involved are with, one is we know a lot more about them than anyone else would ever.So, this is a simple thing about, you don’t know what you don’t know. If theres a page that is not getting crawled, you just dont know that, theres nothing you can do about it. I mean, in our case, because we work very close ly with these enterprises, we know about that and we can work surfacing it.  So the amount of data and understanding that there is so much more the than anyone else.But then, if someone wants to get in this space, sure they can and then. But I think the competitive advantage that we have built over them, now we know, for example my customer. We know what has been going on on their website for the last 1.5 years, no one else does. So we will have that big advantage. So the starting point for anyone else would be much lower than ours.ADVICE TO ENTREPRENEURS FROM ASHUTOSH GARG In Mountain View, we meet CTO Cofounder of BloomReach, Ashutosh Garg. He shares his story of how he cofounded this startup and how the current business model works, as well as what the current plans are for near future, and some advice for young entrepreneurs.The transcription of the interview is uploaded below.INTRODUCTIONMartin: Hi. Today we are in  Mountain View  with BloomReach. Ashu, who are you and what do you do?Ashutosh: Im the CTO and co-founder of BloomReach.Martin: When did you start this company and what was the reason for starting it?Ashutosh: So we started BloomReach in late 2008 early 2009. The vision of the company was to actually make the web a lot more relevant and personalized to the people. So like, over the last 10 to 15 years, the amount content of the web has grown by leaps and bounds. The amount of content that is available is huge.And while Google and Facebook after all are trying to make it easy for people to navigate some of that web, what happens is once you leave these portals and land on an international website, whether its Walmart.com or eBay, or Amazon, or even New York Times, finding the content on these websites are huge challenge. The amount of content that exist in any of these websites is more than the entire web, what the entire web was in 1998. So navigating to that piece of content is really-really hard. What we want to do is to make it very easy for people to find and discover what they are looking for. So we started the company with that vision in mind.Martin: So, Google would be the entry point, and then once people are on the websites automaticallyAshutosh: It could be anything. Today if you look at any,  to build a website, right. very small portion of the people, like 5 10% come directly, and the rest of the people will come either through a social network, through an email, through an affiliate campaign, through Google, through page search campaign, or any other channel.So, people are going to land from where e ver, whatever channel they picked. So its not that much about, like what channel they are picking, right. But they are coming from outside, they may land on any individual page of the website and not necessarily the homepage. So, what can you do, what can you do, all you know about that person, from where theyre coming, how they are coming, why theyre coming, and from their past behavior, and you use all that information to see what on your website is the most relevant piece of content for that user at that time and the name of that whole thing.Martin: Understood. So what enabled yourself to start this company based on your professional background?Ashutosh: So what does it take to make this thing happen?One is, like, being at Google, like, they found out how people are navigating the web, what are the challenges that they are running into, what are the struggles they have, right. So that was one big area of pain thing for me.The second is, working at a company like Google, I had acc ess to lots of data, allowed to their systems, so became an expert in that system.And third is, my PhD was in Machine Learning and Data Mining.So, at some level all these things came together, where I could process a large amount of data, to make sense of that data and then present it to the people.Martin: Okay. Great!BUSINESS MODEL OF BLOOMREACHMartin: Lets talk about the business model of BloomReach. As you said, the users come through different channels to the website and then what happens next?Ashutosh: So if you take any website, right, what you want to do is you want to bring people in, you want to keep the people in over there and you want them to come again. So, bring the people in, that is marketing, right.So one focus is, how can you make your marketing a lot more effective bringing more people in.The second, so what have done is, we work at the website to understand how they organize their content. Is their content getting crawled easily or not, is this content in the sam e language as how people are looking for that content. So for example, the way people will describe a product in Europe is different from the way the will describe it in the  US.But, now if youre reading the content for European audience but launching it in the  US, that wont work or vice versa, right. So you need to make sure that language is the same with how people are describing it. So we do a number of things to analyze content to make sure that it is really accessible by various, like either to social networks or search engines or anyone. So that is one focus on the marketing side.And the second thing is, that once you are on the website, the way you navigate the website, you use the navigation search for the website, you go look at it, you go to search pages over there. So we provide a SNAP solution which is Search Navigation and Personalization.And actually, our third product now which is on analytics. What it does is, it helps analyze all the content of a website and the us er behavior and it will see whats working and whats not working and what you can do to improve it.So the business model for different products is different. It is the combination of the usage and the performance, like how much customers are using it and what theyre getting out of it.Martin: I totally understood that you have this kind of recommendation engine that youre trying to sell and then the analytical part.  Regarding the recommendation, is it that you have some kind of snippets that you just enter or you totally rearrange the whole website and categories, etc.?Ashutosh: It can be both. So depending upon the authentification and what our customers want and will they see the maximum value, it could be a small widget on their website or could be an entire landing page or a combination of both.Martin: And how did you find the first customer?Ashutosh: The initial first few customers are always these early adapters, and either through family and friends. So working with our invest ors, their relationships, through our personal relationships we found some customers. One of the questions that their value proposition has to be strong enough that even though they understand that a startup is a risky value proposition, but by working with a startup their value is going to be so large if it works, then Im willing to give it a try.Martin: Can you tell us a little bit more on how the technology behind this works, especially  in terms of the recommendation? So what type of data sets are you taking into account?Ashutosh: Yes, absolutely. As I said, right. Theres a lot of data. So for the data, we look at 3 key sources of a data.One is, any customers that youre working with, we Google and crawl and mine all the data that exist on their website.Second, that is crucial about the data is that broader web. Just to give you a context of why that matters is, if you look at any product as an example, you call a product a certain thing because everyone else calls it that. But a ny name is meaningless. It is the context of the rest of the web that name become meaningful.  So by crawling the web, were able to understand and associate what each word means or each entity means. And then were able to relate the content of the website.And the third thing that we look at is the users behavior. That ultimately if you’re trying to satisfy the users, you really need to see whether they like certain things or they’re not liking it.And by bringing these 3 things together, the content of a website, understanding of that, understanding of the users behavior, understanding of the product, and then picking the right machine learning algorythms to learn on top of it and collaborative conditions, search and that allows the data processing.Martin: Regarding the analytics product that you are selling, what type of actionable advice can you give your customers based on these insights?Ashutosh: So if you take any website, I mean you guys have one for yourselves.One thing yo u decide is what to write.The second, once youve written it, have you written it correctly or not. Are you missing things or not, right.Once youve done that, then how you are organizing the content on the website? Are you getting the right users behavior from that or not, right. Are there gaps in the content that youve written?So, we actually give advice on all these things. What to write, how to write it, who to go after, how to lay out everything, so it really fits.What is the purpose of a website or any of these things is connecting the right user to the right piece of content. Its not about, shall I go with email or shall I go with SEO, shall I go with SEM, shall I do page search, shall I build the website, do I do that traffic, no. Our business, in your case, it is a set of articles, for a retailer a set of products, any of those things, right. First is you need to sort out your entry, so we can tell you what is performing, what is not performing, how you should go  sorting  it .Second is, we see youre writing an article. First I tell you, you should write on security, then within security what people are concerned about, how you should be describing that, then how should you be laying it out, to what audience you should be reaching out to, should you be reaching out to the people in a certain age group, certain demographics, or certain psychographics,  what will work, what works? And once youve done all that, what work, what tends to, and help you to predict whats going to happen tomorrow. So we do all of it.Martin: Can you tell us how the revenue model works?Ashutosh: For this product?Martin: For analytics and for the recommendation.Ashutosh: On analytics, it is a function of the amount of the content that people are searching and the amount of the users that we are processing. So, if a website has a large amount of content and a large amount of user base which are a lot more than, because the amount of processing that we have to do and analyze and stora ge and everything, is a function of that system.Around the recommendation and personalization, on that its a function of the usage, like how much are users getting, are they putting a lot of, are they putting on a few pages. Based on that I mean, it costs us percent to work there. And theres an element of how much value they are taking out of it as well.CORPORATE STRATEGYMartin: Lets talk about corporate strategies. What competitive advantage do you perceive of BloomReach over other companies?Ashutosh: So, I think I will expand that slightly more and I say that, as a startup, what is a competitive advantage and how do you build that over them. And theres number of things that you can do. One is when youre starting on day one, it is clearly technology and product. Your product that no one else has, so that is your competitive advantage. All your piece of technology that no one else has.So BloomReach, what we have done is a kind of tools with algorithms that are very-very unique. Ther e are very-very few companies with a handful of people in the world who can do this kind of things. So that is one advantage that we have, that no one else has.The second thing is that, over time the amount of data that we have collected is unique to us. So the customer that we are working with, we have collected their data for the last one year or last 2 years, right. So we know a lot about whats going on. Our starting point is much better than anyone else. The network effect now that we are working with so many retailers as an example, our performance with the next retailer is so much better than it was with the first retailer, the first time. So big data advantage, network effect advantage.And third is, we have a large customer base that gives us the responsibility so that becomes a huge advantage. So you just have a huge footprint and now you can upsell more profitable thing to your customer base.MARKET DEVELOPMENTMartin: In terms of market development, one part of your business is related to SEO and SEM. Can you tell us a little bit more, what implications that your business model have on the total market of SEO and SEM because there are so many SEO agencies out there consulting websites how they should optimize the website and youre doing this somehow automized?Ashutosh: So what people are doing is manually looking at small pieces of content and seeing what can be done over there. Now in that case, most of the time, because like how we can get around and get more traffic. As against as looking at like, why something needs to be done for SEO as an example. So if you have a website, but if you build it in a way that it can not be crawled, I mean that is a fundamental limitation of the way the content is consumed by different web search. So it is not really about SEO, its more around like the basic structure of the website. A simple way, say you have 5 pages, say you have 10 pages on your website. I can come with a link structure, and it will take 9  jumps  to get to the last page. Or if you have a website of a million pages, I can build a link structure with just empty links on our page so that we can get from any page to any page within like 5  jumps.Now, in a crawler based world, you need to make sure that the content is organized properly. Actually fundamental thing that has happened over the last 15 years is, if you go with any standard text book on marketing, it would be about how do you differentiate yourself, how do you stand out in the crowd. Make sense. But in a search based world, you need to me more part of the crowd than the stand out of the crowd. You can define everything that youre doing in a way that is different from how everyone else is calling. But guess what, people are searching based on how everyone else is calling and not how you are calling it. So you want to show up over there. So you need to be as similar to the crowd as possible as against as different from the crowd.So thats the opposite how marketing was in the past. So we are trying to solve those basic problems, which require a lot more data analysis and everything. So its neither competing with the agencies, so I mean, they have their place and they are doing a lot and they are helping. So if you are like, Okay this is the 5 categories that Im worried about, share it with the agencies, but if its more around like I want a website and make sure that is working well right over a million pages, no one can do it manually. That is where you need tools. And we have, thats where BloomReach come into place.Martin: Understood. So in terms of market development, you work at Google, what happens if Google enters a similar market like you do, because in addition to your data set, they have all the SEO or search engine data?  Is this some kind of viable threat that you are feeling or not?Ashutosh: I mean, Google has like 20 thousand engineers, sure they can do everything. And so, it is the case with any other company. But the customers that w e involved are with, one is we know a lot more about them than anyone else would ever.So, this is a simple thing about, you don’t know what you don’t know. If theres a page that is not getting crawled, you just dont know that, theres nothing you can do about it. I mean, in our case, because we work very closely with these enterprises, we know about that and we can work surfacing it.  So the amount of data and understanding that there is so much more the than anyone else.But then, if someone wants to get in this space, sure they can and then. But I think the competitive advantage that we have built over them, now we know, for example my customer. We know what has been going on on their website for the last 1.5 years, no one else does. So we will have that big advantage. So the starting point for anyone else would be much lower than ours.ADVICE TO ENTREPRENEURS FROM ASHUTOSH GARGMartin: Imagine your little brother comes to you and says, Ashu I want to start a company. Maybe he liv es in  India. What would you recommend him? What should he do and what he shouldnt do?Ashutosh: Do it because youre passionate about something, don’t do it for money or dont do it for a quick outcome. I mean you are an entrepreneur yourself right? Im sure you guys have heard of a startup is a roller coaster ride.Martin: We also have written a post about that.Ashutosh: A startup being a roller coaster ride? And actually a startup is anything but a roller coaster ride. Its not a roller coaster ride. Working in a big company is a roller coaster ride. And let me explain what I mean by that.When you are in a roller coaster, you might be going at 50 miles an hour, 70 miles an hour in that roller coaster for 5 minutes. You know that at the end of 5 minutes the roller caster will stop. Youll be exactly where you sat, you have a harness around you, nothing is going to happen to you, you will get all the jerks, but youll be where you are. Nothing will change. The world will still be the sam e for you, right. Become me, you’ll be thrown around from one project to another, by the end of the month you will get a fat paycheck, thats it. Your check won’t go by more than 10 20 % next year. Thats it.A startup is like driving, you’re in the Bay area, like driving on a 101 and 150 miles an hour. Either youll be the first to reach your destination or you will die, nothing in between. Theres no harness, you dont control anything else on the road. If you succeed, you are the fastest one, youre just not there yet. That is what a startup is. So if you are ready for it.The other thing is that most people, I mean, I meet so many entrepreneurs, they are like, So what are you trying to do? Heres a good idea so Im working on it. Why? Because I want to build WhatsApp for this thing, I want to build Uber for this thing. Are you passionate about it? No, no, but this will have a huge market and customers want this. What are you passionate about? No, but I can make money through this t hing and the VCs are saying that this is a good idea. But have you give it a thought to what you want to do in life?And I think people missed out on that aspect. So you should have a reason why you want to do it, you should have passion behind it. Thats the key thing.Martin: When did you know that your passion is big data, machine learning and maybe search?Ashutosh: I have been doing this for the last 15 18 years. My PhD was in that, my undergrad thesis was in that, my master was in that. So it has been just over time. But the key passion is, how you make life easier for people. Thats starting way to go. And all these are different ways and baby steps you can take.Martin: What other advice would you give your little brother?Ashutosh: I mean this is tough work. You have to be ready to do everything. Like we were discussing earlier right, its not only about like, I like this piece of work or I don’t like this piece of work.You will have to do whatever is needed for you. You are the master in the office but you are also the janitor of the office. You just do everything. So thats one thing.Its a long journey.  You may have an exit in a year, you maybe successful right. You will die with that. And for the next 25 years right. So make sure that youre ready to make that commitment.Other thing is you need to make sure that you have enough support from your family, because in this race, for doing things and achieving our vision sometimes our family has to pay the price. And are they ready for it or not? Because once you are in, theres no looking back. You will have good days, you will have bad days. Are you ready for that?Martin: How did your family support you?Ashutosh: I was on vacation actually last weekend, which was probably the first vacation I took in 2 years. So that is one part of how they have to suffer from this.Martin: Not seeing you.Ashutosh: Not seeing you and youre not being there. But more importantly even when you are there, my wife kept asking me, so what are you thinking right now on the beach and not enjoying it. Do you mind if I quickly go and respond to that email or answer this thing. I mean, its a huge sacrifice. You are just not there for them.Martin: Ashu, thank you very much for your time! And next time you are thinking about starting a company, pick some idea that you are very passionate about. Thank you very much. Great! Thank you very much, Ashu.

Existentialism in Heart of Darkness - Free Essay Example

In the novel Heart of Darkness, Conrad explores existential nihilism, which is the belief that the world is without meaning or purpose. Through the protagonist Marlow, Conrad introduces the story of those on board the steamship Nellie that are unaware of their own meaninglessness. Their voyage through the African Congo depicts the absurdity of mans existence and the decay of human ideals in the chaos of the Belgian Congo. Any attempt at avoiding the darkness that exists in the chaotic unorganized natural world is futile. Those that demonstrate restraint only emphasize existential nihilism as their actions ultimately result in meaninglessness. Through the characterization of Kurtz, the reader can witness a man who lacks restraint due to his acknowledgment of purposelessness. Marlows search for such a man is the ultimate goal of the novel. It is then Conrads goal to lead the reader through vagueness and pessimism to a conclusive void. The novels conclusion ultimately portrays existential nihilism, where Kurtzs last words confirm the worlds meaninglessness and Marlow becomes more like the pessimistic Kurtz due to the lie told to Kurtzs Intended. Although Conrad himself may not essentially be nihilistic, his novel contains a dark nihilistic truth: the world is without meaning or purpose. The antagonist Kurtz is an example of existential loneliness because he becomes alienated from civilized society. He intentionally avoids returning to England because he is no longer able to endure the constraints that the civilized society is trying to impose upon him. Being in the Belgian Congo with the power to carry out and whims and act on all of his desire causes Kurtzrs slow decay into savagery. For Kurtz, the misplaced authenticity of his actions, along with the unrestrained environment of the Congo proves too great a temptation for constructive engagement with the African people. The laissez-faire capitalismwhich becomes associated with power in Kurtzrs mindfostered by an imperialistic Europe leads Kurtz to become defined by materialism the appetite for more ivory had got the better of the-what shall I say? less material aspirations (Conrad 96). This materialistic inauthenticity, in turn, creates a need to gain more, and is responsible for Kurtzrs inevitable fall from existe ntial grace and resulting a subsequent godlike position amongst his natives. The protagonist Marlow is a recently appointed captain of the steamship Nellie the story being from Marlows point of view, gives a glimpse from the outside of what has changed Kurtz so irrevocably from the European man of sophistication to something far more frightening. As if to demonstrate this, Conrad depicts Kurtz on his deathbed. In the final moments of his life, Kurtz seems to see something that we cannot. Staring within himself he can only mutter, The horror! The horror! Marlow realizes that his reality is a horror, that nothing really exists but at the same time, everything does, especially when he encounters death because everything is connected.

African American Parents With The Sickle Cell Trait

Annotated Bibliography Hypothesis: African-American parents with the Sickle Cell Trait have the greatest risk of passing Sickle Cell Anemia to their offspring. In this article, sickle cell anemia is defined as a hereditary disease that destroys red blood cells by causing them take on an elongated and rigid sickle shape. In addition, a different type of hemoglobin called Hemoglobin S, is the protein in red blood cells that carry oxygen throughout the body. This protein starts to wrap around other red blood cells when oxygen is lacking to form a helical shape. Once this happens the cells cluster together and elongate and the cells start to sickle. A person who has sickle cell anemia can only get it if both of their parents carry the sickle cell trait, if only one parent has the trait then there children are at risk for having the trait. In conclusion, sickle cell anemia and the sickle cell trait are more common in African-Americans and people who live in places where malaria is common. Individuals with the t rait seem to live normal and healthy lives, however individuals who have the trait and experience high altitudes or vigorous exercise tend to feel unwell because of the lack of oxygen getting into the cells causing them to sickle. In addition, the sickling of the cells can be reversible to a certain extent in people with the trait, however people who have sickle cell anemia the sickling of the cells is irreversible due to the severity of the disease. In this study,Show MoreRelatedSickle Cell And Its Effect On Children986 Words   |  4 Pagesat a young age. Sickle cell could affect anyone. I was still so young so I had so many questions answers that I still want to know the answer to. Why did sickle cell kill my cousin? With this research paper, I plan to answer these questions that I have been having for so many years. So what exactly is Sickle Cell Anemia? Sickle cell is an inherited blood disorder that affects red blood cells due to the presence of an abnormal form of hemoglobin, namely hemoglobin S. Sickle cell has a lot to do withRead MoreThe Probability of Inheriting a Disease Is Not Random1816 Words   |  7 Pagesrate of Sickle Cell Anemia among people of African lineage. Sickle Cell disease is inherited and it affects the anatomy of the red blood cells, resulting in a sickle shape which then affects the functions of red blood cells causing a blood disorder. Sickle Cell is a recessive disease and persons affected have both copies of the hemoglobin S gene. This genetic defect causes red blood cells to become sickle-shaped (cresent shape). The abnormal shape severely impede the ability of red blood cells to passRead MoreSickle And The Sickle Cell Disease1369 Words   |  6 PagesThe sickle cell disease affects about 100,000 people in the America. 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When the oxygen pressure fell below 40-45mm Hg, the sickling was marked increasedRead MoreSickle Cell Disease ( Ocd )939 Words   |  4 Pages Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is an inherited autosomal recessive condition that causes the red blood cells (RBCs) to be crescent shaped. Sickle cell disease occurs in 1 out of every 400 African Americans births (Field, et al 2009). And according to the Centers of Disease Prevention and Control (CDC), 1 out of 13 African American babies are born with the sickle cell trait (SCT). At the same time SCD is present in only 1 out of 300 Caucasian babies, thus it is considered to be one of the most prevalentRead MoreThe Health Problem Of Interest1169 Words   |  5 Pageshealth problem of interest is sickle cell disease. Sickle Cell Disease is also called Sickle Cell Anemia. Sickle Cell disease is an inherited blood disorder which means it s not contagious. Anybody that has sickle cell disease, must have two defective hemoglobin genes from each parent. 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Tissue that does not get a normal blood flow eventually becomes damaged.This is what causes the problems of sickle cellRead MoreThe Sickle Of Sickle Cell Disease921 Words   |  4 PagesSickle Cell Disease, also referred to as SCD, is a genetically inherited disease that causes abnormal hemoglobin, called hemoglobin S or sickle hemoglobin, in red blood cells. This disease currently affects about 90,000-100,000 Americans, a majority being African-American. Because SCD is genetically inherited, it is not contagious. It is inherited when both parents of a child carry the sickle cell trait, also called SCT. SCT and SCD are not the same. In SCT, the person is generally healthy and doesRead MoreSickle Cell Disease: An Overview800 Words   |  4 PagesSickle Cell Disease: An Overview Sickle Cell Disease is a hereditary issue in which the body produces Sickled formed red platelets. In Sickle cell disease, or SCD, the hemoglobin in red platelets gathers together. This in turn causes red platelets to get firm and C-formed. The most well-known signs and indications of SCD are anemia and pain through the body. Sickle Cell Disease occurs most commonly in individuals whose families descend from West Africa, South or Central America (particularlyRead MorePrevalence Of Sickle Cell Anemia1639 Words   |  7 PagesEzeocha PREVALENCE OF SICKLE CELL ANEMIA IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA According to Sickle Cell Disease American Association sickle cell anemia defined as an inherited blood disorder that alters red blood cells. Patients with sickle cell disease have their red blood cells contaminated with an abnormal kind of hemoglobin called the Hemoglobin S. The National Institute of Health (NIH), reports that this anomalous behaviour of the hemoglobin S reduces the red blood cell into a sickle shape which becomes

Personal Space Essay - 592 Words

Personal Space My project is about personal space. It is about finding out why people tend to have their own personal space. Personal space is the region surrounding a person. Each individual has their own personal space. Distance from strangers varies than distance from families and relatives. Method used will be participant observation which is a qualitative method. It is one of the most popular and widely used research methods. The main advantages of participant observation is that it allows you to have an insight on how the individuals of a society perform and the ways in which they think and why. I chose to investigate into this area because this topic is quite of a challenge. The main†¦show more content†¦Ã‚ · Culture shock- on the part of the ethnographer  · Expense- on the part of the ethnographer  · Interpretation- some things can be interpreted very differently from culture to culture Problems of society include: The people being studied often feel disturbed, distracted or that their privacy is being invaded when they are being studied by a stranger, who can often seem to be uninvited studying their every move. The people could argue that it is unfair for ethnographers to freely enter into a society and begin to study the people; his ways of thinking and living may often seem very different and unwelcome to certain societies. It is often very difficult for ethnographers to overcome these problems as it is not easy to find a compromise between that which he wants to do and that which he must do in order to allow the people being studied feel most at ease. My Hypothesis is that each individual has an invisible boundary around his/her body. To see if my hypothesis is true, So far I have found out that when two people are communicating they tend to stand a specific distance apart. Each individual has their own personal space boundary which others may not enter. If an individual steps into this boundary the other individual will feel highly uncomfortable and move away to increase the distance between them. When two people are having an argument, often the firstShow MoreRelatedViolating Personal Space Essay1068 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract This is report is about the reactions of personal space when invaded. A total of 20 strangers were tested to see how different genders and ages react to strangers coming to close. The experiment took place in Woden plaza where a student stood behind a subject and watched there reaction from the closeness. It was found that 60% of the subjects did react to the close proximities. This reports also shows different theories to why people act the way they do when they feel violated. Introduction Read MoreThe Discovery Of A Strangers Personal Space1512 Words   |  7 Pages Proximity can be defined as nearness in space, time, or relationship. There are many terms and or phrases used to describe proximity such as personal space, soul space, bubble, comfort zone, too close for comfort, grill, invasion of privacy, etc. In this assignment we were asked to invade a stranger’s personal space and record their reaction to this event. I went to a neighborhood Starbucks and proceeded to invade the personal space of a stranger sitting at a table with his laptop. I also triedRead MoreLooking into Personal Space862 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"Personal space is a region of defended space surrounding someone. Trends of personal-space utilization might differ across human societies. Personal space varies from other kinds of defended space by being an encompassing bubble, which progresses with the person† (Psychology Dictionary). Defining an individual’s personal space can be difficult for because this boundary is often different between countries, environments and societal upbringings. An individual space may be different from person toRead MorePersonal Statement : Space Travel1195 Words   |  5 PagesName: Austin Autry Title: Space Travel General purpose: To inform Specific purpose: To inform audience members on both modern and forthcoming capabilities of space travel. Thesis Statement: The current space travel capabilities do not allow for travel into interstellar space and beyond. With the creation of laser beamed nanochips travelling at 100 million miles per hour, we could reach the nearest star, Alpha Centauri in 20 years, gaining pictures and data from some place far, far away. Introduction:Read MoreThe Invasion Of Personal Space1683 Words   |  7 Pages Invasion of Personal Space Jessica Ohara 2500 California State University Long Beach Authors Note This paper was prepared for Social Psychology 335, taught by Professor Gilbert. Introduction Personal space is like an invisible bubble, that people keep around themselves to maintain space from other people (Myers pg.157). Personal space is the minimal or the maximum space a stranger or a friend can enter without causing uncomfortable feelings. When personal space is invaded a flightRead MorePersonal Space Is A Distance Boundary1169 Words   |  5 Pagespeople need more personal space than a regular person? Personal space is a distance boundary you feel comfortable being next to a person face to face. According to the popular article by Douglas Main, an average person has a boundary of 20 to 40 centimeters and an anxious person have a boundary of 30 to 50 centimeter, according to the original article by Chiara F. Sambo and Gian D. Iannetti. Two tests were conducted to verify if anxiety really causes a person to need a larger personal space. On the firstRead MorePersonal Space And Body Language Essay1142 Words   |  5 PagesPersonal Space and Body Language Nonverbal Communication Across Cultures Leah Breiss and Brieana Valdez Clark University Author Note This paper was prepared for Management 170 Managerial Communication during the Fall Term 2016 Personal Space and Body Language Nonverbal Communication Across Cultures Introduction Nonverbal communication is a major factor role in every conversation. Eye contact, posture, and personal space determine how verbal communication is interpreted. Personal space isRead MorePrivacy and Personal Space Essay679 Words   |  3 Pagesand thank you, driving on the correct side of the road, etc. The social norm proposed in this experiment was privacy and personal space. Have you ever been to a super market and thought someone was following you around? Or gone to a mall, and thought you saw the same person in every store you went to? The norm that was broken in this experiment was privacy and personal space. Privacy is so important to us. We even have an amendment protecting us from an invasion of privacy. However, this isn’tRead MoreAbnormal Invasion Of Their Personal Space851 Words   |  4 Pagesproject, my experiment was invading someone else s personal space. The process began by sitting close to a person that was by themselves; then, I started to get close when they looked to another direction or their phones. What normally a person would do when they tired or they want to sit, they mostly sit apart from a stranger or they sit with a distance between them. What I did in my project is that I sat close to a stranger when there is space where I could go and sit. The purpose for this projectRead MoreThe Use Of Personal And Interpersonal Space772 Words   |  4 Pagesclients(Sue Sue,2013). Proxemics, refers to the use of personal and interpersonal space (Sue Sue, 2013, p.214). The amount of space a person has between them and another communicates certain messages. This is another area that counselors want to be cautious about making assumptions. There are no universal rules when it comes to proxemics. For example, in the United States, people get very uncomfortable when individuals are to close to their personal space. The exception to this rule, is when the persons

The Fascinating World of Video Games - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 535 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/05/07 Category Entertainment Essay Level High school Tags: Video Games Essay Did you like this example? We live in a world that stands out for the significant number of stimulus and information produced at all times coming from the most remote places of our society. Video games make it possible for people to put themselves in new virtual reality and can simulate a fantasy environment. Impacts of video games can be harmful to humanity because of aspects that change our reality. Modern gaming culture simulates people to live in a virtual world, leads to the escapism of social reality and stimulate aggressively. In this created world, the individual has often, depending on the theme of the game, the possibility (usually rewarded) of being or being doing everything that due to our ethics and morals.With the technological advancement, which increasingly allows a level of simulation close to the real and many people of all ages.The immersion power of video games is the sequence of challenges improved considerably, to the point where in some cases, be better than reality, or s ucceeding imitates with perfection. In virtual reality realistic simulators like for example, we can mention the game Americas Army, a simulator of war used by the American army, the other and a simulator of a plane, a simulator of highly realistic flight. Video games lead us to alternate realities, maybe thats the biggest reason for your success. When we play, we are not ourselves, but a character, who lives in own universe, with his own rules and objectives. Clive Thompson argues that The one thing that both apocalyptics and utopians understand and agree upon is that every new technology pushes us toward new forms of behaviors while nudging us away from older, familiars ones(Thompson 450). In other words, when we play, we get rid of our current reality. For some time, our problems disappear, the school doesnt matter, the job doesnt matter, and the family. Our goals begin to be the same as the character we command. And unlike real life, in games the targets are usually we ll delineated they know what they need to do, and they know theres a way to do it, victory is always possible and eminent, the rewards come quickly. Another big difference is that in the world of games, everyone can be big. No matter who you are, everyone can save the world and become great heroes, worthy of thanks and great rewards. This makes the video game a means of escapism in the world we live in, and so it presents itself as an exciting means of entertainment. According to Audrey uses the same kind of tinkering as she experiments with her avatars in virtual worlds. She builds the first version to put something out there. Then comes months of adjusting, of seeing the new kinds of people I can hang with by changing how she represents herself. Change your avatar, change your world (Audrey 513).These factors, which make the video game to be what it is, cause some people do tend to put these fanciful worlds above the real world, giving greater importance, for example, the evol ution of their avatar in an online game than their own development as an individual In the middle where it is inserted, such as school and work. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Fascinating World of Video Games" essay for you Create order

Cuba s Current Gross National Income Per Person Of $ 5890...

Jason Lee Captain Czak History 300 21 October 2016 Cuba Cuba’s current gross national income per person of $5,890 (Talley), enormous debt, and other poor economic conditions can be explained by events tracing back post-World War II in 1945. The island of Cuba was inhabited by different Mesoamerican cultures but introduced to European cultures in 1492 with the arrival of Christopher Columbus. Spain began to colonize Cuba among other Caribbean islands in the 16th century and utilized the island as a stopping point before the New World. This all changed when the collapse of Haiti initiated a sugar boom causing Cuba to emerge as a major world sugar producer. Freedom from Spain was finally gained with the help of the United States after the Spanish American War when the Treat of Paris was signed. About three years later, the Platt Amendment was passed which provided the United States control and great influence in Cuba’s domestic and international affairs. The United States control was further strengthened after World War II whe n Fulgencio Batista became President of Cuba in 1952. But this created many issues which fueled the Cuban Revolution ending in 1959 when Fidel Castro overthrew Batista, propelling Cuba into a new era of communism. The period of decolonization for Cuba after World War II sparked a surge of nationalism which helped Fidel Castro dissolve American political, economic, and diplomatic ties as well as establish a communist regime after the Cuban Revolution.

Essence of Warren Buffet Free Essays

Business tenants- buffet believes that if people are drawn to an investment from superficial notions rather than fundamentals, they will more likely be scared away at the first sign of trouble. Buffet concentrates on learning everything he can about a business, before investing Management tenants- He also looks hard at quality of management. He likes managers that act like owners. We will write a custom essay sample on Essence of Warren Buffet or any similar topic only for you Order Now Financial tenants- Buffet does not pay to much attention to yearly financial results, he looks more at four or five year results. He looks for companies with high profit margins nd focuses on return on equity, not earnings per share. Market tenants- He says that price is determined by the stock market and value is determined by the analyst after weighing all the known information about a company. Buffet also says that you should buy at I think coca cola is the most interesting permanent holding. Its the largest manufacture of soft drink concentrates in the world. This product would be a great buy because you know that long term this company will not suffer due to the huge demand of coke products. Coca cola is the most widely recognized brand name in the world. How to cite Essence of Warren Buffet, Essay examples

Decision Making Application To In Teams †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: How Do Decision-Making Application To In Teams? Answer: Introduction Teamwork has remained a key element right from childhood to adulthood where working together has always been encouraged. Teamwork refers to the work that relies on the collaboration of team members to experience success and achievement of set goals. Throughout, the value of teamwork has remained valued whether in gaming or academic performance. In the same respect, teamwork persists into the workplace towards meeting a common goal where people work together. Therefore, work has to be done with the understanding and commitment to a common goal to be met by all the members of a team. Developing teamwork is a vital leadership role that differentiates results arising in different tasks done at a group level. Today, there are several theories in use focusing on the teamwork, team development, and development of workplace culture. The basics of teamwork illustrate the need for every member of a team to work together regardless of their talents and skills as long as they contribute to the overall goal of a project (Kozlowski and Bell 2003). Earlier research done by Elton Mayo focused on studying the relation between productivity and work conditions which finds real meaning in the contemporary workplaces. Managers prefer to instil teamwork to increase production since individual efforts do not outshine a groups effort. In so doing, they have to be fostered by the management working under towards creating a formidable team. The concept of teamwork used in sports activities has been transferred over the years to the management level where it has experienced utmost acceptance. Teams require persons with adequate knowledge to steer the process and assist in meeting interpersonal demands. Leaders in a team have several responsibilities such as coaching the members, facilitating and supporting their decisions, expanding a teams capability, and anticipating for changes while making adequate measures (Ilgen, Hollenbeck, Johnson, and Jundt, 2005). Besides, leaders build trust, inspire teamwork, encourage low performing members, and empower group members to accomplish tasks according to the set standards. The paper examines the Tuckmans stages in a team development while identifying the duties carried out by the leaders in providing support and facilitating the process. Besides, it looks into the managerial decision-making aspects and applies the same knowledge to the concept of teams in organizations. Furthermore, it looks into the physical structures facilitating teamwork giving examples of the operations of each task. Eventually, it looks into the means through which managers promote teamwork among its members and the reasons underlying. Tuckmans Stages in Team Development The stages of growth were developed by Bruce Tuckman which became famous through his theory called Tuckman Stages which focused on his research on team dynamics (Kozlowski and Chao, 2012). He perceived all the stages in their order of occurrence as essential to team growth as each function towards the delivery of high-quality outcome in performance (Bonebright, 2010). All the four stages are significant to the development of the team and contribute immensely towards personal participation in a project activity. Forming The stage is characterized with the entry of the team members who meet each other for the first time on a given task. Here, team members meet and socialize with each other, introducing themselves, providing information on their backgrounds, exploring their interests and experience at first sight (Bonebright 2010). A few discussions are held on a forthcoming project on the goals and the roles to be played by individuals. In this case, the stage allows for people to 'feel each other' and find their perfect means to working together. The stage allows for the team leader to come out clear on a teams project goals and ensure all the members feel part of the group for a cohesive workforce. Roles and responsibilities should be allocated fairly to increase the diverse efforts towards a common task. For instance, a construction project must have all team members gather at a common place for an introduction to familiarize with each other and have the leader introduce the project officially. Afterward, the leader can identify the interests of individuals which assist in making decisions towards assigning of roles. In so doing, the leader must ensure maximum participation through assigning each worker a role in the project. Therefore, a leader plays critical roles in ensuring everyone feels at home, has a role in the project, and in making sure the project goals and mission are clear to a team (Bonebright, 2010). The stage may last for a while as individuals get to know each other and the leader keeps explaining and answering the questions that pertains a given project. Storming The stage allows team members to push against the boundaries established earlier as they know each other more. The stage is crucial as most teams break off due to the conflicts ensued at the stage. The stage is characterized by conflicting team members who argue for and against the natural working styles. Further, there is competition for status and acceptance of ideas expressed by a team member. As a result, individuals may become frustrated as their ambitions and experience remain ignored in the process of allocating roles. The stage gives the team members the power to solve issues within themselves and control conversations while allowing individuals to become effective listeners (Johnson, Suriya, Yoon, Berrett and La Fleur 2002). For examples, team members may challenge the decision or authority of a leader as well as differ opinion-wise thereby leading to a standstill. Some may feel overwhelmed with the roles while others remaining adamant on the roles assigned. Consequently, the leader has several roles to play in getting the members to the stage. First, the leader has to remain firm and explain the functions and the status given to each other based on real qualification. Besides, the leader is supposed to steer the team towards accepting and listening to the opinions of others and learning to accommodate one another (Farrell, SCHMITT and HEINEMANN, 2001). Conflict resolution is another issue to be addressed where the leader is supposed to mediate and deliver a formidable team in the production of a projects goal. The stage closes only when members have learned to work with each other and accommodate the diverse opinions and knowledge displayed by their colleagues. The category remains challenging as some t eams fail to get over the stage due to disagreements. Norming In Tuckmans stages, relationships are built through cohesion where group members engage in activities that allow for acknowledgment of members contribution and solving group issues. At this juncture, members change their earlier perceived notions and adopt a new one leading to what is known as Norming. When members begin to know each other, they understand and start working together thereby developing what is considered as a norm in the team. Consequently, all members abide by the same. The stage allows people to develop a sense of belonging and relief since all the conflicting issues are resolved. The leader at this stage is responsible for developing the right practice and making members understand and abide by the same. In the case of conflicts, team leaders having assisted in solving issues develop structures and policies that correct and set the right standards to be followed. Besides, a leader remains responsible for forming and promoting the culture through encouraging and fostering efforts to make the team members act according to the norm (Chong 2007). For example, a leader has to set up a standard in conflict resolution and have the members pass through the same steps in case conflicts arise. Therefore, the stage is crucial to the development and maintenance of the team activities. Performing The stage involves the actual performance of tasks in a project where it seeks to achieve the teams goals. The structures set are used to support the project where the conflict resolution mechanisms assist in reducing friction in the process of production. Members remain task oriented and function towards solving a common problem with high morale and loyalty (Bonebright 2010). Assigning each member a task increases their contribution and performance in the team. People who survive the previous stages to join the team experience proper working relations due to the norms set earlier. At this point, the team leader remains responsible for handling the arising issues in the team. Besides, a leader is in charge of implementing a project in line with the plan while checking the progress of each team member (Bonebright 2010). The day-to-day activities are steered by the team leader assisted by the members who perform their different roles in a teams project. Adjourning The adjourning stage involves the stage where all the project goals have been met and time for termination arrives. At the stage, the efforts of the individuals are recognized, and their participation and achievement applauded. Each of the members is given time to say goodbye and give their experience in the process of the development. Each member has to be recognized for their efforts and contribution to the team performance while highlighting the underpinning factors to the success (Bonebright 2010). By so doing, a team engages in a successful termination process that leads to proper disengagement among the members. The leader at this stage plays the role of appreciating the employees and recognizing their efforts in the project. The project progress has to be communicated to the group members to increase their awareness on the level at which the goals have been met. Also, the setbacks have to be reported by the leader to provide guidance on the improvement measures to be taken by the team in the future (Bonebright 2010). Lastly, the leader has to officially close a project and encourage team members to future engagement. Managerial Decision-making Application to Decisions in Teams Management in diverse perspectives make decisions that affect everyday operations and profitability. In the same respect, teams make decisions that affect their day-to-day activities. Decision making is a key attribute in any organization and remains core to the overall wellbeing of a team. By definition, a team is a group of people with complementary skills committed to achieving a common purpose and goals (Jones, Bellenger and Johnston 2016). In such a team, decision-making determines the rate at which people can make changes effectively and promptly. Managerial decision making involves the process of selecting from a variety of choices available and arriving at the best action to take (Hasan, Shamsuddin, and Aziati 2013). In this respect, it has to follow a particular procedure common to members towards proper decisions. There are four distinct stages essential for use in the process of decision making from a managerial perspective. The first step involves identification of a problem, generation of alternative solutions or options, evaluating the options and selection of the best alternative and finally implementation and monitoring of the selected best option. Decision Making by Authority There are times when the management makes decisions without involving the other workers. In a team, the team leader has the ability and power to make decisions. As an expert, team leaders can make decisions on behalf of the team as long they fall within their area of jurisdiction. Authoritative decisions can be made without consultations with the team members. For instance, the decision to the selection of team members for participation in diverse areas of a project can be made without consulting the members. According to Hasan, Shamsuddin and Aziati, (2013), the leader can observe and gauge based on the qualifications and skills of the members to select the area for allocation of tasks. In this respect, the decision in a team has been made using the authority of a leader without consultation. Decision Making based on Critical Steps The concept applies to decision making in teams which guarantee success. First, a team has several experts and skills which are essential in contributing towards decision making. Decision-making assists in times of crisis where each team member is expected to participate in making the overall decision where their opinion matters (Pettigrew 2014). In times of crisis or conflict among individuals, it is important to listen to the view of both parties and weigh in during decision making. Accommodating the opinions of individuals in decision-making assist in determining the end results, that can be accepted by people. On the other hand, the steps remain essential in a teams agreement on several issues. For instance, a teams decision on time and the approach to be used in handling a project has to be decided using the procedure. First, a problem has to be identified concerning a projects need. Once identified, several options can be proposed by individuals in the team regardless of the number. At least each member can suggest a solution or approach be used. Afterward, the team members are to sit and reason out on the best alternative through voting on the solution receiving the highest number of votes (Pettigrew 2014). Once selected, the idea with the highest number of member backing is chosen for implementation. The members have to contribute their efforts towards supporting the idea which has the best effect on the project. In this case, the process of managerial decision making is essential to finding group solutions to issues. Disagreement exists in a team where one party may differ on a decision made by a leader in isolation. In such a case, the use of managerial decision making comes in handy to assist in a harmonious development. A project team benefits from the creation whenever making a decision of a set of options leading to a conflict (Zsambok and Klein 2014). Professionally, a team leader is supposed to arrive at major decisions in consultation with the team members for an effective implementation. The pros and cons of a solution have to be analysed to enable a proper solution to given issue in decision making. Therefore, the selection of options has to be done by all members of a team where a set of options are presented, analyzed and the best ones selected towards implementation. Cost-Benefit Approach The cost-benefit approach to managerial decision making is equally important to the development of tasks in a team. Team leaders have to involve the members on the core decisions that lead to a cost-effective engagement in a project. For instance, the selection of the type of tools to be used in production has to be based on their price tag and the benefits that they yield in the process. Therefore, a selection of an option has to be done consultative to find the best option with a lesser cost but a high probability of delivering the desired goals of a team (Nas 2016). In this case, the managerial concept is proper to teams decision making aspects. Decision-Based on Benefits Lastly, the pros and cons aspect in managerial decision making is essential and profitable to the members and overall goals in a project. Here, the people responsible for decision making undertake the practice of selecting the best option using the formula or checking the benefits and the setbacks of an option. For instance, selection of the type of technology in a project can be done by having the decision team propose a variety of choices to use. In the process, the options are weighed according to their positive contribution to a team. On the other hand, the setbacks are brought out for each of the cases and finally checking the side that carries the most weight (Carter, Seely, Dagosta, DeChurch and Zaccaro 2015). The option with the highest benefit to a team becomes the utmost solution leading to its implementation. The managerial approach is essential to an efficient decision making among teams. Therefore, managerial decision making calls for the cooperation of individual parties in decision making that affects their daily operation. According to Fay, Shipton, West, and Patterson (2015), increasing member participation in teams guarantees a proper decision where a majority of the members are in agreement leading to an effective adoption and use solutions created through a decision. Decision making is key to a teams performance and thus has to incorporate the ideas of individuals where a vote for the majority on a likely option leads to a decision that is effective to the rest of the group. Physical Structures Facilitating Teamwork Teamwork involves working together for a common good where all members of a group gather their efforts towards achieving a common goal. For an effective teamwork to exist, certain managerial considerations have to be made to guarantee the success of team work (Kozlowski, Grand, Baard and Pearce, 2015). The physical structures are designed to support the existence of a good relation between individuals within a group, gather them together to work towards achieving organizational goals. Communication Structures Communication is an important aspect in fostering development and success in teamwork in organizations. Teamwork is achieved through open communication where team members read on the same page concerning timelines, responsibilities, and the goals of a given project. Effective communication mechanisms are essential towards developing an effective team. For example, establishing a mellow conversation tone among team members, while discussing issues, assists in increasing communication between individuals. Besides, having communication structures and policies that allow for opinions and respecting ones opinion ideas leads to a successful teamwork essential for group development (McInnes, Peters, Bonney, and Halcomb, 2015). Moreover, developing specific criteria for resolving conflicts leads to effective teamwork. Conflicts are part and parcel of the daily operations where members differ with one another on several issues. Therefore, having clear lines and procedures for negotiating and mediating conflicts towards a formidable relationship leads to easier paths in resolving issues (McInnes, Peters, Bonney, and Halcomb, 2015). Communication sets a standard guide used in decision making, which when followed while involving the members leads to effective teamwork as it reduces conflicts ha might arise and destroy an existing team spirit. On the other hand, effective communication restores employee satisfaction by enhancing a sense of belonging to the workers. Group Thinking Group thinking is a managerial concept where a group of people is involved in making a decision through opinions. Group thinking fosters the sense of belonging where the majority information or opinion is considered regardless of its effectiveness. Members whose ideas have been accepted feel part of the group and recognized thus leading to a cohesive situation where teamwork spirit remains guaranteed (Salas, Shuffler, Thayer, Bedwell, and Lazzara, 2015). The managerial structure allows individuals to contribute their opinion and have that of the majority to be considered. Such structures enhance effective collaboration where people cannot make decisions independently but rather act in a team. Limits on Team Size Individuals tend to work well while in sizeable numbers where the contribution of people becomes significant to a team. Effective teamwork can only be built if all members contribute to a common goal and feel part of a group. According to Bravo, Lucia-Palacios and Martin, (2016), evaluation of a teams size allows managers to gauge productivity levels where the higher the numbers, the better the results due to the extensive knowledge involved in the development of a team. However, such numbers have to remain manageable for cohesive purposes. A group has to have a population that allows for the contribution of opinion and efforts from all the concerned parties. In this respect, creating manageable numbers increases productivity thus facilitating teamwork. Establishing a reasonable number of people in a group facilitates teamwork in organizations. Team-Building Exercises Effective teamwork is facilitated through shared experience and practice present in team-building activities. The fast pace of life, where individuals become engaged in their work activities limits the time for interaction. As such, there is a need for an event to meet the team and foster efforts towards working together through activities not related to their duties (Lartey, Cummings, and Profetto?McGrath, 2014). Team building activities include sports, creative solutions, and group thinking which facilitate teamwork. Here, individuals work in groups, and there are no personal efforts since their individual contribution goes to the benefit of a team. Team building boosts communication between each other, problem-solving ability, and gives a boost in morale and promotion of mutual interests (Lartey, Cummings, and Profetto?McGrath, 2014). As such, the activity highlights and fosters the need to work together in meeting common organizational goals. Therefore, they satisfy the need of e ffective teamwork. Diversity Teamwork counts on the contribution of different people with diverse knowledge aimed at achieving a common goal. In this case, effective teams embrace the ideas of various cultures and personalities and use them towards effective teamwork. According to (Lartey, Cummings, and Profetto?McGrath (2014), teams lacking diversity fails to achieve a common goal as the reasoning would be focused on a common factor. However, diversity allows for different backgrounds of information to be shared and used in finding a common solution to a problem. Creation of policies that promote diversity allows for a proper engagement leading to an overall development of teamwork. In this case, people can forge their efforts and work together in developing solutions to a common problem. Smart Goals Team leaders have the responsibilities to develop goals and have them explained thoroughly to a group. In so doing, they have to be measurable, realistic, reliable and driven by the leader. The goals in any teamwork have to be made clear by the head to encourage a positive result in the long run. Having clear goals in a team facilitates teamwork as each member understands the roles in an organization (Lee, and Chang, 2013). Setting guidelines to understanding the goals of a project to a group increase the rate at which they can induce change through working together. Lack of such a formation leads to a poor teamwork scenario. Strategies for Promoting Teamwork Teamwork is an aspect that can be supported by managers in their diverse areas of engagement. A positive work environment comes through hard work and commitment essential for fostering teamwork (Lee, and Chang, 2013). Managers need to exercise effectiveness and understanding in bringing their employees together for the common good. Creating an atmosphere of trust and cooperation is essential to the development of teamwork and a happy team. For a manager to attain a synch among its team, there are several things to consider in arriving at the goals. Proper Communication Managers ought to keep their members updated on their progress and every decision taken in a team. Being open in communication puts everyone on the right path with each other thus avoiding conflicts of interest such as bias to information. In this case, a manager must establish a clear line of communication that allows a smooth flow of information between individuals in a team (Logan 2016). Members need to be informed of the channels towards addressing issues and have them remain accessible anytime members wish to air their grievances. Formal and informal communication can occur in a manner that ensures information access. For instance, communication can be done via a social site where all the team members subscribe, in the memo, or through word of mouth amongst the members. In equal measure, giving members a call on an upcoming matter serves well in a crisis that cannot await an official letter (Logan, 2016). A manager has to be ready to step in as a mediator in aiding in a conflict by choosing a neutral position in a matter while developing an alternative to a peaceful agreement. By so doing, a leader would be promoting teamwork among individuals. Encourage Social Activities Teamwork relies so much on team activities which enhance the ability to interact and discover the high point among members of a team. The events, whether formal or informal, lead to interactions where exchange in ideas remains inevitable. In the process, individuals get to know each other, explore their skills, and provide a manager with the ability to assess and select the right people for the important tasks in teamwork (Galegher, Kraut and Egido, 2014). Breaking out from the norms to activities that increase bonding and interaction are essential activities that managers ought to undertake to steer teamwork among its members. Implementing Recognition Programs Rewards for performing individuals are requisite factors for increased output among teams. Members feel appreciated and part of a society that recognizes its efforts in different activities. Managers need to encourage their team members through recognition programs where members receive praises for their contribution and tokens of appreciation for their contribution to a given project (Drew, and Coulson?Thomas 2013). Reward stimulates more production and competition among members towards achieving the overall goal of society. Giving team publicity for its performance gives them the motive and ability to perform even more with vigor to demonstrate their ability to the rest. Such recognition activities can be done at individuals but more importantly at a group level since the efforts are counted as that of a team. Recognition adds value to people and is a path to a healthy competition essential for teamwork. Clear Role Outlines Each member of a team has a role to play which remains instrumental to the overall change in an organization. In this respect, the roles have to be clearly spelled out with their limits set to avert a situation where duplication of roles occurs. According to Drew, and Coulson?Thomas (2013), duplication of roles is a root to conflicts where members feel demeaned every time they perceive others playing similar roles. As a result, it may lead to a reduction in morale and team spirit due to inferiority issues. A manager is tasked with the role of allocating and explaining the roles of individuals while setting the extents to which one can go. The clear distinction creates respect to the roles assigned and fosters active participation towards the overall growth. The lack of a proper coordination by the management leads to issues which might give birth to conflicts thus slowing the teamwork spirit and overall performance. Identification of Existing Problems As a manager, one is supposed to monitor the progress of team members in a given task and identify setbacks to their progress. Once identified, it is essential for the manager to consult the persons responsible and receive a feedback essential for the development of a solution to a given crisis. For instance, a manager monitoring a particular project should be able to recognize an inability to meet deadlines and use the chance to seek for a possible reason behind the same and address the real concern (Drew, and Coulson?Thomas 2013). Problems are handled at the moment to avoid further delays as opposed to letting things occur naturally. Solutions to the problem can emanate from feedback from team members thus leading to avoidance of a crisis. Therefore, the intervention of a manager in such a crisis leads to a timely solution towards a real concern. Mediate Disputes A manager is a leader in own capacity and always has to remain a solution provider. Crisis and conflicts in organizations are avoidable thus present a case where the efforts of a manager remain vital. Managers need to provide prior guidelines to handle issues arising among members thus boosting performance due to a timely address. In the process, a manager can take a neutral role in a mediation process and develop a non-biased judgment that fosters peace and stability among the members. In averting the same, managers ought to encourage members to report any developing issues earlier enough to provide proactive solutions essential for an active culture in organizations (Drew, and Coulson?Thomas 2013). For example, a member who constantly fails to deliver assigned task on time can be assisted by having the daily progress recorded and presented towards initiating a commitment to duty. Therefore, a manager has a role to play in preventing a lapse in performance by mediating in disputes e arly enough to instil a positive culture of teamwork. Trust Trust is essential for members working together as well as for team leaders. The lack of trust leads to a reduced performance as members do not have an assurance on the proper channels to address their issues effectively. Trust is paramount towards boosting teamwork as members need to trust their leader and vice-versa in several ways. According to Drew, and Coulson?Thomas (2013), managers need to demonstrate loyalty to their juniors by assisting them to achieve their goals as well as that of the group. In so doing, they are supposed to address the real concerns in time and relay feedback to the team in a manner that meets or surpasses their expectations. Assigning of roles to individuals indicates trust in persons and thus has to be done accordingly. Managers have to demonstrate a high level of trust to individuals in a team as a way of boosting their morale and ability to deliver as per the expectations. The value of teamwork cannot be ignored in the process of a team development. Teams deliver optimum whenever given the chance and resources matching a given task. Managers serving as leaders in organizations have to motivate their members through appreciation in both monetary and non-monetary means. Sharing a vision and setting group goals assist in meeting targets to be met by members. Satisfied employees tend to keep their jobs and perform better to meet their obligations (Drew, and Coulson?Thomas 2013). Therefore, it is important for managers to meet their obligation in promoting teamwork through several strategies laid above. Conclusion Teamwork traces its roots to the 1920s and 1930s where professors such as Mayo conducted the first experiment on the performance issues. Indeed, it became evident that teamwork is a core contributor to development at a workplace and that sharing of ideas led to widespread of knowledge and skills essential to increasing productivity. The benefits experienced have steered development in the present generation where managers strive to promote teamwork using several strategies in the organizations. The stages outlined in the Tuckman model illustrate the formation of a team through to the stage when a team is terminated after achieving the intended functions. The stages indicate the actual roles of individuals as well as the leaders in making the changes happen. A good comparison exists between the managerial decision making and decision making in teams since they both work in the management portfolios. Besides, it sets out the physical structures essential for teams in decision making that accommodate the concerns of each. Decision making in teams can be challenging but a proper handling procedure and consensus reaching assists in alleviating the negative concerns attached to the process. 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